#Translating coordinates from one system to another
#Input data set: A file containing coordinates to be translated, negative numbers are used for latitudes...
#		south of the equator or longitudes west of Greenwich
#		-In case of 'degree--minute--second' format two or three tab delimited columns...
#			are required, giving degrees, minutes, and second, respectively...
#			(two columns if no seconds are given)
#		-In case of 'degree--minutes.minutes-fraction' format two tab delimited columns...
#			are required, containing degrees and minutes (as decimal fraction with full stop...
#			as decimal separator), respectively
#		-In case of 'degree.degree-fraction' format one column containing the degrees (with full...
#			stop as decimal separator) is required
#Author: Manuel Weinkauf (manuel.weinkauf@uni-tuebingen.de)
#Version: 1.0
#Date: 28 August 2010

#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++#
#This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.#
#To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/.                   #
#+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++#

#Creation of test dataset
DMS_Dat<-matrix(c(52,8,12,18,34,59,-1,28,3,-61,12,18),4,3,byrow=TRUE)
DMS_Dat2<-matrix(c(52,8,18,34,-1,28,-61,12),4,2,byrow=TRUE)

DMM_Dat<-matrix(c(52,8.2,18,34.983,-1,28.05,-61,12.3),4,2,byrow=TRUE)

DD_Dat<-matrix(c(52.1367,18.5831,-1.4675,-61.2050),4,1,byrow=TRUE)

**************************************************************************************
#Setting working directory
setwd("C:/R_TestData")

#########################################################################
# Function to translate coordinates from one system into another	#
# Necessary input variables:						#
#		InputType: type of input coordinates			#
#			*string*					#
#			possible values:				#
#				DMS=Degree--Minute--(Second)		#
#				DMM=Degree--Minute.Minute-Fraction	#
#				DD=Decimal Degrees			#
#		OutputType: type of input coordinates			#
#			*string*					#
#			possible values:				#
#				DMS=Degree--Minute--(Second)		#
#				DMM=Degree--Minute.Minute-Fraction	#
#				DD=Decimal Degrees			#
#		Input: Name of input matrix, header assumed		#
#			*string* or *matrix*				#
#		Output: Name of output matrix				#
#			*string*					#
#		Import: Do you want to import a txt file?		#
#			*logical*					#
#			TRUE=import data file (Input=*string*)		#
#			FALSE=do not import data file (Input=*matrix*)	#
#			default=TRUE					#
#		Export:	Do you want to export a txt file?		#
#			*logical*					#
#			TRUE=export data file				#
#			FALSE=do not export data file			#
#			default=TRUE					#
# Output data: 95% confidence intervals					#
# Input dataset: Matrix object, samples in columns...			#
#			data values of specimens in rows		#
#			All columns must have the same length...	#
#			empty fields to be coded as -99.9		#
#########################################################################

Trans<-function(InputType,OutputType,Input,Output=NULL,Import=TRUE,Export=TRUE){
	if (any((InputType == "DMS"), (InputType == "DMM"), (InputType == "DD"))) {} else {stop("ERROR: InputType must be either DMS, DMM, or DD")}
	if (any((OutputType == "DMS"), (OutputType == "DMM"), (OutputType == "DD"))) {} else {stop("ERROR: OutputType must be either DMS, DMM, or DD")}
	if (InputType == OutputType) {stop("InputType and OutputType must be different")}
	if (Import == TRUE) {Input<-read.table(Input,header=TRUE)}
	#Code for input in degree--minute--second...
	{if (InputType == "DMS") {
		#...and output in degree--minute.minute-fraction
		{if (OutputType == "DMM") {
			Temp<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),3)
			Res<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),2)
			Temp[,1]<-Input[,1]
			Temp[,2]<-Input[,2]
			Temp[,3]<-round(((Input[,3])/60)*10)
			Res[,1]<-Temp[,1]
			Res[,2]<-paste(Temp[,2],".",Temp[,3],sep="")
		}
		#...and output in decimal degrees
		else if (OutputType == "DD") {
			Temp<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),4)
			Res<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),1)
			{if ((dim(Input)[2]) == 3) {
				Temp[,1]<-Input[,1]
				Temp[,2]<-(Input[,2])/(60/100)
				Temp[,3]<-(Input[,3])/((60*60)/100)
				Temp[,4]<-round((Temp[,2]+Temp[,3])*100)
				Res[,1]<-paste(Temp[,1],".",Temp[,4],sep="")
			}
			else if ((dim(Input)[2]) == 2) {
				Temp[,1]<-Input[,1]
				Temp[,2]<-(Input[,2])/(60/100)
				Temp[,3]<-c(0)
				Temp[,4]<-round((Temp[,2]+Temp[,3])*100)
				Res[,1]<-paste(Temp[,1],".",Temp[,4],sep="")
			}}
		}}
	}
	#Code for input in degree--minute.minute-fraction...
	else if (InputType == "DMM") {
		#...and output in degree--minute--second
		{if (OutputType == "DMS") {
			Res<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),3)
			Res[,1]<-Input[,1]
			Res[,2]<-trunc(Input[,2])
			Res[,3]<-(Input[,2]-trunc(Input[,2]))*60
		}
		#...and output in decimal degrees
		else if (OutputType == "DD") {
			Temp<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),6)
			Res<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),1)
			Temp[,1]<-Input[,1]
			Temp[,2]<-trunc(Input[,2])
			Temp[,3]<-round((Input[,2]-trunc(Input[,2]))*60)
			Temp[,4]<-(Temp[,2])/(60/100)
			Temp[,5]<-(Temp[,3])/((60*60)/100)
			Temp[,6]<-round((Temp[,4]+Temp[,5])*100)
			Res[,1]<-paste(Temp[,1],".",Temp[,6],sep="")
		}}
	}
	#Code for input in decimal degrees...
	else if (InputType == "DD") {
		#...and output in degree--minute--second
		{if (OutputType == "DMS") {
			Res<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),3)
			Res[,1]<-trunc(Input[,1])
			Res[,2]<-trunc(abs(Input[,1])*60)%%60
			Res[,3]<-(abs(Input[,1])*(60*60))%%60
		}
		#...and output in degree--minute.minute-fraction
		else if (OutputType == "DMM") {
			Temp<-matrix(NA, dim(Input)[1],4)
			Res<-matrix(NA,(dim(Input)[1]),2)
			Temp[,1]<-trunc(Input[,1])
			Temp[,2]<-trunc(abs(Input[,1])*60)%%60
			Temp[,3]<-(abs(Input[,1])*(60*60))%%60
			Temp[,4]<-round(((Temp[,3])/60)*10)
			Res[,1]<-Temp[,1]
			Res[,2]<-paste(Temp[,2],".",Temp[,4],sep="")
		}}
	}
	}
	Results<-Res
	{if (Export == TRUE & is.null(Output) == FALSE) {write.table(Results,Output,sep="\t")}
	else if (Export == TRUE & is.null(Output) == TRUE) {stop("If you want to export data you must give a name for the output file!")}
	else {Results<-Res}}
}

#--------------------------------------------

#Example
Trans("DMS","DMM",DMS_Dat,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DD","DMM","Test.txt",Import=TRUE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DMS","DD",DMS_Dat,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DMS","DD",DMS_Dat2,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DMM","DMS",DMM_Dat,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DMM","DD",DMM_Dat,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DD","DMS",DD_Dat,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DD","DMM",DD_Dat,Import=FALSE,Export=FALSE)

Trans("DD","DMM","Test.txt","Res.txt")

Trans("DD","DMM","Test.txt",Export=FALSE)